In 1933, a Swiss American astronomer, Fritz Zwicky, found that mass of stars of Coma cluster of galaxy was only one percent of the mass needed to prevent galaxies escaping from gravitational pull of cluster. These observation went unnoticed throughout decades untill 1970s, when American astronomer Veera Rubin and W. Kent Ford too observed the same phenomenon that was mass of stars of a galaxy was only ten percent of mass which required to keep the stars orbiting within that galaxy. From there the concept of dark matter emerged as it was mysterious and unobserved matter. Presence of dark matter further confirmed through the gravitational lensing which is matter acting as lense by bending space and diverting the passage of light.
Scientist has classified universe's composition in three form. First one is normal matter which is made of atoms and elementary particles which are known to us. Normal matter comprises only five percent of the universe. Second form is dark matter. They are those mysterious matter which causes unexplainable high masses of the galaxies. Dark matter comprises nearly 25-26% of the universe. And last form of universe is dark energy which too is unexplainable. Origin of dark matter is still in debate but it is assumed that dark matter are the first one those came into existence after big bang. Scientists believe that after the incident of Big Bang when universe was very hot and full of energy, dark matter atom came into existence and as earlier universe was hot and dense, they collided frequently and releases burst of energy and subatomic particles of elementary atom. As the universe further expanded, frequency of collision of dark matter atom reduced and as the universe cooled enough it ceased to collide. Scientists believe that earlier universe was evenly distributed but a mysterious phenomenon happened just after the Big Bang which causes uneven distribution of the dark matter. As uneven distribution of dark matter lead to formation of gaseous cluster into space, subsequently it leads to formation of stars, Blackholes and galaxies.
Scientists have observed our universe and found that it is like a web of cluster of galaxies. Universe is being formed as web of dark matter and galaxies are sticked with the joints of this web. How much mysterious and complex, it is agreed by scientists that dark matter has a crucial role in formation of universe as it looks today. As its nonreactive characteristics( to electromagnetic wave and normal matter) make it mysterious, it also creates a possibility of different world of dark matter.
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