Covid19 Vaccine : where do we lie?

As the world is struggling with the covid19 virus, there are many efforts have been  made in preparaing a effective vaccine to eliminate the virus.

Exploratory stage- It is a very initial stage, where researcher try to finds cause of disease e.g. it is viral or bacterial, they extract DNA or RNA from the virus to use it in making vaccine. Some time through protein. Well for very clarification a anti virus vaccine is nothing but a mild form of virus which is used to make infect to subject as his immune system can fight with mild form of virus and can understand how to fight with this new form of virus next time when attacks accidentally.

Pre-clinical trial- it is the 2nd stage where available vaccine is used on numerous animals e.g monkey, rats, dogs. First they get infected with the unknown virus then they get treated with the same vaccine being developed at exploratory stage.

Clinical trial- it is the third step of development and have been devided in three stages.
#First stage - in this stage vaccine is used in very limited no .of people ( very small sample size 30-80) after qualifying this stage then only vaccine goes for next stage trial.

#Second stage - in this stage there is comparably large sample size available for trial. Nearly 300-800 people get selected in this stage with varying age groups and symptoms.

#Third stage - it is the last and very important stage of clinical trial. Most of the vaccine get failed in this stage. In this a very broad sample size get selected for the trial consisting 3000-10000 person. It is very detailed trial and observations have been made about varying symptoms, response  and allergy if arises there . After completing this stage, then only vaccine was considered for next step.

Approval- after clearing clinical step a vaccine get approval from respective authority from the country and at world level from WHO.for further use .

Manufacturing

Quality control - it is need of time that quality of vaccine remain the same through all time as the time of approval. It is to be ensured from the respective authority.

Latest developments- at world level three institutions are near to very development of the vaccine.
1 China's sinopharm and sinovac biotech
2 Oxford's astrazeneca (azd1222)
3 US' moderna
These firm are in third stage of clinical trial of development. If any one of them will succeed, it will be very opportunity to develop the vaccine in the same year (2020).

Development in india- India is also in the race of vaccine development. In India Bharat biotech is developing covid19 vaccine  covaxin with the help of ICMR( Indian council of medical research). Initial laboratory research has been done at NIV ( national institute of virology ) Pune. There are many more institutions in the race from India e.g. Zydus cadilla, Serum Institute , pancea biotech but the Bharat biotech is very near to development as it is the first firm to get approval for human trial form CDSCO(central drugs and standard control organisation) in India .most probably trial will start from this month.


Well developer has claimed that they will get the vaccine ready by 15th of August this year which seems very unlikely to happen. Many experts have responded to this claim as ridiculous but ICMR has their version of claim.

These are the latest developments regarding covid 19 vaccine. Lets hope that we will have it soon .