Well It is a popular question and a thing of research among the researchers and scientists. There are no. of theories with some observations those have been able to explain it in some extent. But still, no one of them have come out as undisputable. Big Bang, it is a very famous theory which explains the origin of universe in well logical way.
Big Bang: According to this theory, universe came into existence around 15 billion years ago at a certain point of time from a certain point of high temperature and high density.
As per this theory, within a second that point exploded and release infinite times of energy and matter with a speed of light. In later stages, energy and matter splitted and forms different entities in universe. This theory state that all of the element in universe spewed out of that point.
Well , later Edwin Hubble, an astronomer, found out from their observation that world is still expanding and universe is in explosive mode even today. He used the concept of Doppler effect. According Doppler, if source of light or sound is moving towards observer, wave will perceive to him as rising in frequency. Whereas if source is going away from observer, wave will drops in frequency.
In case of light, on lower frequency light tends to red end of visible frequency while of higher frequency it tends to blue.
Hubble used spectroscope to examine the light coming from different sources, and he found that galaxies far from us shifted towards red end of spectrum. And this led to him believe that universe is expanding.
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